Outcome Summary General Anatomy and Physiology (A & P)
Title
General Anatomy and Physiology (A & P)
Course Number
10806177
Credits
4
Organization
Western Technical College
Developers
WTCS Anatomy and Physiology Alignment Team
Development Date
12/10/2002
Revised by
Kim Vosicky - WIDS Consultant with State A & P Faculty
Revised date
5/22/2010
Instructional Level
Associate Degree Courses
Instructional Area
Natural Science - 806
Division
General Education
Department
| Instructional Type | Contact Hours | Outside Hours | Credits |
| Laboratory | 36 | 0 | 1 |
| Lecture | 54 | 0 | 3 |
Description
Examines basic concepts of human A & P as they relate to health sciences.Using a body systems approach, the course emphasizes the interrelationships between structure and function at the gross & microscopic levels of organization of the entire human body. It is intended to prepare health care professionals who need to apply basic concepts of whole body A & P to informed decision-making & professional communication with colleagues & patients. (This course also provides the foundation, and is a prerequisite to Advanced Anatomy and Physiology).
Prerequisites
- Prerequisite(s): HS Chem or Clg Chem (10806134, 10806128, 20806209 or 77856761) AND HS Bio or Clg Bio (77856760 or 20806236) AND reading scores ASSET 44+, ACT 20+, COMPASS 84+ or Clg Rdg 77858762. Fund of A&P is recommended as prereq.
Supplies
- None
Core Abilities
- Use effective communication skills
- Apply mathematical concepts
- Transfer social and natural science theories into practical applications
- Demonstrate ability to think critically
- Demonstrate ability to value self and work ethically with others in a diverse population
- Use technology effectively
- Make decisions that incorporate the importance of sustainability
Competency
1. Apply descriptive, anatomical, physiological, and directional terminology to the human body and its organization
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- graphic, written or oral product/process includes anatomical terminology for the anatomical positions used
- graphic, written or oral product/process includes directional terminology
- graphic, written or oral product/process portrays the describes characteristics and sequences of homeostatic mechanisms
- graphic, written or oral product/process describes location, structure, and function of body cavities and linings
- graphic, written or oral product identifies body planes, sections, and regions
- graphic, written or oral product accurately represents homeostatic mechanisms
Learning Objectives
- Distinguish between anatomy and physiology.
- Describe the anatomical position.
- Describe the three major planes of the body or of an organ.
- Identify the major body cavities and their subdivisions.
- Identify the serous membranes that line the walls and cover the organs of each body cavity and the fluid found inside each cavity.
- Describe two ways to subdivide the abdominal region.
- Identify the quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity.
- Identify the nine abdominal regions.
- Describe the axial and appendicular regions of the body and their subdivisions.
- Use correct directional terms in the study of anatomy and physiology.
- Describe the location of specific body organs.
- Match locating terms with the correct descriptions.
- Match body positions with the correct descriptions.
- Define terms related to organization of the human body.
- Define examples of homeostasis, negative and positive feedback systems.
- Provide examples of homeostasis, negative and positive feedback systems.
2. Classify the major chemical components of living things according to their structure and function
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- graphic, written or oral product or process includes all of the major chemical components
- graphic, written or oral product or process correlates components according to structure, function, and the role it major chemical components plays in body composition
- graphic, written or oral product uses appropriate terminology
Learning Objectives
- Describe the structure of an atom.
- Differentiate among an atom, molecule, compound, ion, and isotopes.
- Describe the various types of chemical bonding.
- List the body's inorganic compounds and their functions.
- Explain the importance or water in living organisms.
- Explain the importance of oxygen and carbon dioxide to living organisms.
- Describe the body's major organic compounds and their functions.
- Define enzymes.
- Describe the role of enzymes in cellular metabolism.
3. Characterize the basic structure and functions of the cell and its parts
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process addresses major components of the cell
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the major functional components of the cell
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the major transport mechanisms of the cell membranes
- written, graphic or oral product or process illustrates the relationships among the organelles of a cell
Learning Objectives
- Define cytoplasm and organelle.
- Describe the structure, function and relationship of all cell organelles.
- Describe the structure of the cell membrane.
- Describe the different modes of transport of substances across cell membranes.
4. Identify how cells store and use energy
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic, or oral product or process distinguishes between aerobic and anaerobic processes
- written, graphic, or oral product or process shows metabolic pathways and their relationships to one another
Learning Objectives
- Define metabolism.
- Distinguish between catabolic and anabolic pathways.
- Contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
- Describe the role of mitochondria in cellular metabolism.
5. Analyze the role of DNA in controlling cell functions
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process shows the structure of DNA, RNA, and chromosomes
- written, graphic or oral product or process illustrates the cell cycle
- written, graphic or oral product or process includes a clear description of how DNA and RNA differ
- written, graphic or oral product or process explains the functional relationship between DNA, RNA, and chromosomes
Learning Objectives
- Describe the structure and function of DNA, RNA, and chromosomes.
- Describe the stages of a cell cycle.
- Relate DNA replication to the cell cycle.
6. Correlate the structure of tissues with their functions
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the tissue-based upon the structural components
- written, graphic or oral product or process distinguishes mong the four types of tissues
- written, graphic or oral product or process relates structural components with tissue functions
Learning Objectives
- Identify the microscopic anatomy of body tissues.
- List the characteristics of each tissue type.
- List the functions of each tissue type.
- Give examples of the locations of each tissue type in the body.
7. Analyze how components of the integumentary system function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the structural components of the integumentary system
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates the structural components of the integumentary system with their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the major chemical secretions of the integumentary system
- written, graphic or oral product or process illustrates the relationships among the components of the integumentary system
- written, graphic or oral product or process summaries the functions of the integumentary system
Learning Objectives
- Compare the structures and functions of the layers of the skin.
- Describe the events occuring during keratinization that produce a skin resistant to abrasion and water loss.
- Explain the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin.
- Describe the glands of the skin, their secretions and the functions of these secretions, including surface film (acid mantle).
- Describe the way in which the integumentary system helps to regulate body temperature.
- Describe the role of skin in sensation.
- Explain the way in which skin responds to injuries and repairs itself.
8. Analyze how components of the skeletal system function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies gross and microscopic structural components of the skeletal system
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates the structural components of the skeletal system with their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the major chemical components of the skeletal system
- written, graphic or oral product or process illustrates the relationships among the components of the skeletal system
- written, graphic or oral product or process summarizes the functions of the skeletal system
Learning Objectives
- Describe the functions of the skeletal system.
- Describe the composition and organization of bone matrix.
- List the three types of bone cells and their functions.
- Give examples of each bone classification, according to their shape.
- Describe how the features that characterize spongy and compact bones impact their function.
- Describe bone growth.
- Explain the role of bone in calcium homeostasis.
- Explain how and when bone remodeling occurs.
- Describe the different types of joints and how they work.
- Apply movement terminology to joint functions.
- Identify the components and functions of the axial and appendicular skeleton.
- Relate the major landmarks on individual bones of the skeleton to their function.
- Discuss the process of skull development.
- Identify the differences in structure and function of the various vertebrae.
- Describe the skeletal differences between males and females.
9. Analyze how components of the muscular system function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the gross and microscopic structural components of the muscular system
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates the structural components of the muscular system with their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the major muscles and their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process illustrates the relationships among the components of the muscular system
- written, graphic or oral product or process summarizes the functions of the muscular system
Learning Objectives
- Describe the characteristics and functions of muscular tissue.
- Explain the organization of muscle at the tissue level.
- Distinguish among the different types of muscle contractions.
- Relate types of muscle fibers to muscular performance.
- Identify the major human skeletal muscles and their actions.
- Define origin, insertion, agonist and antagonist, prime mover and synergist.
10. Analyze how components of the nervous system function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the gross and microscopic structural components of the nervous system
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates the structural components of the nervous system with their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates cranial nerves to their respective physiological functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process relates higher order brain functions to brain anatomy
- written, graphic or oral product or process illustrates the relationships among the components of the nervous system
- written, graphic or oral product or process summarizes the functions of the nervous system
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the gross and microscopic structural components of the somatic and special senses
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates the structural components of the somatic and special senses with their functions
Learning Objectives
- Describe the anatomical organization and general functions of the nervous system.
- Distinguish between neurons and neuroglia by comparing their structures and functions.
- Explain how the brain and spinal cord are protected.
- Describe the major regions of the brain, their structure and functions.
- Distinguish among the motor, sensory, and association areas of the cerebral cortex.
- Discuss the structure and function of the spinal cord and spinal nerves.
- Explain the role of white matter and gray matter in processing and relaying sensory and motor information.
- Describe the process of a neural reflex.
- Identify the principle sensory and motor pathways.
- Differentiate between the somatic and autonomic divisions based on their respective structures and functions.
- Identify the cranial nerves and their functions.
- Contrast the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
- Discuss the receptors and processes involved in the senses of smell and taste.
- Describe the structures of the ear and their roles in the process of hearing.
- Describe the structures and processes involved in maintaining equilibrium.
- Describe the structures of the eye and their functions.
- Explain the mechanism of vision.
11. Correlate the major organs of the endocrine system with their function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the endocrine organs and their associated hormones
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the general functions of the hormones
- written, graphic or oral product or process illustrates the relationships among the components of the endocrine system
- written, graphic or oral product or process summarizes the functions of the endocrine system
Learning Objectives
- Explain the general functions of the endocrine system.
- Differentiate between the two chemical families of hormones.
- Explain the control mechanisms of hormonal secretion.
- Identify the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system..
- Describe the functions and effects of hyposecretion and hypersecretion of major hormones.
- Compare the roles of the endocrine and nervous systems in maintaining homeostasis.
- Describe the endocrine and nervous systems response to stress.
12. Analyze how components of the cardiovascular system function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process addresses major gross and microscopic structural components of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
- written, graphic or oral product or process describes the flow of fluid through the systemic, pulmonary, and lymphatic circulations
- written, graphic or oral product or process illustrates the functional relationships among the cardiovascular and lymphatic components
- written, graphic or oral product or process describes the microscopic components of blood
- written, graphic or oral product or process summarizes the functions of blood and each of its components
- written, graphic or oral product or process describes the basis for bloodtyping
- written, graphic or oral product or process the relationship between blood, tissue, and lymphatic fluids
Learning Objectives
- Identify the names and locations of the major parts of the heart.
- Explain the function(s) of each of the major parts of the heart.
- Trace the pathway of the blood through the heart and lungs.
- Compare the structures and functions of the major types of blood vessels.
- Describe the mechanisms that aid in returning venous blood to the heart.
- Describe the general characteristics and functions of blood.
- Distinguish among the types and functions of the formed elements of the blood.
- Explain the control of red blood cell production.
- Explain the mechanisms that help to achieve hemostasis.
- Define coagulation.
- Describe the basis of blood typing, ABO, Rh compatibility and transfusions.
- Describe the general characteristics and functions of the lymphatic system.
- Describe the location of the major lymphatic pathways.
- Describe the formation of tissue fluid and lymph.
- Explain lymphatic circulation maintenance and the consequences of an obstruction.
- Describe major functions of the lymph nodes, thymus and spleen.
- Define immunity.
- Relate the role of the lymphatic system to immunity.
13. Analyze how components of the digestive system function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the gross and microscopic structural components of the digestive system
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates the structural components of the digestive system with their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process describes the functions of major digestive enzymes
- written, graphic or oral product or process written, graphic or oral product or process summarizes the functions of the digestive system
Learning Objectives
- Describe the parts and functions of the digestive system organs.
- Describe the functions of major digestive enzymes (ex. pepsin, amylase, ptyalin, and lipase)
- Describe the mechanisms of swallowing, vomiting, and defecating.
14. Analyze how components of the respiratory system function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the gross and microscopic structural components of the respiratory system
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates the structural components of the respiratory system with their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process explains the mechanics of ventilation with reference to respiratory volumes and capacities
- written, graphic or oral product or process summarizes the functions of the respiratory system
Learning Objectives
- Describe the locations, structures and functions of the organs of the respiratory system.
- Describe the mechanics of breathing.
- Define respiratory air volumes and capacities.
- Explain the mechanism of respiratory control and factors that may influence it.
15. Analyze how the components of the urinary system function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the gross and microscopic structural components of the urinary system
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates the structural components of the urinary system with their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process illustrates the relationships among the components of the urinary system
- written, graphic or oral product or process summarizes the functions of the urinary system
Learning Objectives
- Illustrate the gross anatomy of the urinary tract
- Describe general functions of the urinary system and its components
- Explain the functional processes of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion
16. Analyze how components of the reproductive systems function in the body
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the gross and microscopic structural components of the male and female reproductive systems
- written, graphic or oral product or process correlates the structural components of the male and female reproductive system with their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process identifies the secretions of the male and female reproductive systems and their functions
- written, graphic or oral product or process summarizes the functions of the reproductive systems
Learning Objectives
- Describe the parts and general functions of the male and female reproductive system.
- Explain the way in which hormones control the activities of the reproductive organs and the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
- Describe the similarities between the male and female reproductive system.
- Explain the diploid and haploid cycle in human reproduction.
17. Use appropriate laboratory methods and safety precautions
Criteria - Performance will be satisfactory when:
- you identify hazards and safety equipment in the lab
- you select appropriate personal protective equipment
- you follow all laboratory practice expectations of the college
